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PeptideHormone
73 molecules · 12 families

The catalog

Every peptide hormone in one index. Search by molecule, receptor, source, or class, filter by signaling family, and open any entry for the full reference — identity, mechanism, and the evidence behind it.

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Evidence

73 molecules

Incretins & metabolicInvestigational

Amycretin

GLP-1 and amylin agonism combined in a single molecule, not a two-drug combination.

Unimolecular GLP-1 + amylin receptor agonist (peptide)
7,900 Dadays
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Amylin · IAPP

Co-secreted with insulin; the satiety and gastric-emptying partner.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (37 aa)
~3,903.3 Da13 min
Incretins & metabolicInvestigational

Cagrilintide

A long-acting amylin analog built for once-weekly dosing and GLP-1 pairing.

Long-acting amylin analog (acylated peptide)
~4,408.9 Da7 days
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Exenatide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from Gila monster venom (exendin-4).

GLP-1 receptor agonist (exendin-4, 39 aa)
~4,186.6 Da2.4 h
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Glucagon

The counter-regulatory hormone that raises blood glucose.

Proglucagon-derived peptide (29 aa)
~3,482.8 Da3–6 min
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Glucagon-like peptide-1 · GLP-1

The incretin that anchors the modern metabolic toolkit.

Proglucagon-derived peptide (~30–31 aa)
~3,297.7 Da1–2 min
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide · GIP

The second incretin, with distinct adipose and CNS biology.

Incretin peptide (42 aa)
~4,983.6 Da5–7 min
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Insulin

The anabolic master switch for glucose uptake and storage.

Two-chain peptide hormone (51 aa, A+B chains)
~5,807.6 Da4–6 min
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Liraglutide

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist; an earlier acylated analog.

GLP-1 receptor agonist (acylated, 31 aa)
~3,751.2 Da13 h
Incretins & metabolicInvestigational

Maridebart cafraglutide · MariTide

GLP-1 agonism paired with GIP receptor antagonism — the opposite GIP direction to tirzepatide.

GLP-1 agonist–GIP-antagonist peptide–antibody conjugate
150,000 Da21 days
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Pramlintide

The first amylin analog — native amylin with its self-aggregation edited out.

Amylin analog (synthetic 37 aa peptide)
~3,949.4 Da48 min
Incretins & metabolicInvestigational

Retatrutide

An investigational GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple receptor agonist.

GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple agonist (acylated peptide)
4,900 Da6 days
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Semaglutide

A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist engineered for once-weekly dosing.

GLP-1 receptor agonist (acylated peptide, 31 aa)
~4,113.6 Da7 days
Incretins & metabolicEstablished

Tirzepatide

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist — the first of the co-agonists.

Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist (39 aa, acylated)
~4,813.5 Da5 days
Growth & repairLimited

AOD-9604

A growth-hormone fragment marketed for fat loss; weak human data.

Modified hGH(176-191) C-terminal fragment
1,815 DaMinutes in plasma
Growth & repairLimited

CJC-1295

A long-acting GHRH analog engineered to stretch GH pulses.

GHRH(1-29) analog (with or without a drug-affinity complex)
3,647 Da6-8 days ; ~30 min without DAC
Growth & repairEstablished

Ghrelin

Stomach-derived hunger signal that also amplifies GH pulses.

Acylated peptide hormone (28 aa)
~3,370.9 Da30 min
Growth & repairEstablished

Growth hormone · GH

The pulsatile pituitary driver of growth and metabolism.

Single-chain protein hormone (191 aa)
22,124 Da10–20 min
Growth & repairEstablished

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone · GHRH

The hypothalamic signal that tells the pituitary to release GH.

Hypothalamic releasing peptide (44 aa)
~5,039.6 Da7–50 min
Growth & repairEstablished

Insulin-like growth factor 1 · IGF-1

The hepatic mediator of growth hormone's anabolic effects.

Single-chain growth factor (70 aa)
~7,649 Da12–16 h bound to IGFBPs
Growth & repairEstablished

Insulin-like growth factor 2 · IGF-2

IGF-1's imprinted sibling — the dominant growth factor before birth.

Single-chain growth factor (67 aa)
~7,471 DaShort when free; extended in IGFBP/ALS ternary complexes
Growth & repairPreclinical

Ipamorelin

A selective GH secretagogue that mimics ghrelin at GHS-R.

Synthetic pentapeptide GH secretagogue (GHRP)
~711.9 Da2 h
Growth & repairEstablished

Lanreotide

A depot somatostatin analog, similar in action to octreotide.

Somatostatin analog (cyclic octapeptide)
~1,096.3 Dadepot-dominant
Growth & repairPreclinical

Long R3 IGF-1 · IGF-1 LR3

IGF-1 re-engineered to slip past its binding proteins — free, unbuffered signal at the receptor.

83-aa IGF-1 analog (Arg³ substitution + 13-aa N-terminal extension)
9,111 DaHours in vitro
Growth & repairPreclinical

Mechano growth factor · MGF

IGF-1's local, load-triggered splice variant — a repair pulse, not a systemic signal.

IGF-1 splice variant (IGF-1Ec); the research peptide is its C-terminal E-domain (~24 aa)
Minutes ; longer as PEG-MGF
Growth & repairEstablished

Octreotide

A long-acting somatostatin analog used to suppress GH and other hormones.

Somatostatin analog (cyclic octapeptide)
~1,019.2 Da1.5 h
Growth & repairEstablished

Pasireotide

A broader-spectrum somatostatin analog hitting more receptor subtypes.

Somatostatin analog (cyclic hexapeptide)
~1,047.2 Da12 h
Growth & repairClinical

Sermorelin

The GHRH(1-29) fragment once approved to assess and treat GH deficiency.

GHRH(1-29) analog — the shortest fully active GHRH fragment
3,358 Da11-12 min
Growth & repairEstablished

Somatostatin · SST

The brake on the growth-hormone axis — and much else.

Cyclic peptide (14 and 28 aa forms)
~1,637.9 Da1–3 min
Growth & repairClinical

Tesamorelin

An FDA-approved GHRH analog that selectively trims visceral fat.

Stabilized GHRH(1-44) analog
5,136 Da26-38 min
MelanocortinsEstablished

Adrenocorticotropic hormone · ACTH

The melanocortin that drives adrenal cortisol synthesis.

POMC-derived peptide (39 aa)
~4,541.1 Da10–20 min
MelanocortinsEstablished

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone · α-MSH

The core melanocortin ligand — pigment, appetite, inflammation.

POMC-derived peptide (13 aa)
~1,664.9 Daminutes
MelanocortinsClinical

Bremelanotide · PT-141

An FDA-approved melanocortin agonist for hypoactive sexual desire.

Cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin agonist (α-MSH analog)
~1,025.2 Da2.5-3 h
MelanocortinsPreclinical

KPV

The anti-inflammatory C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH.

Tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) — α-MSH(11-13)
~342.4 DaMinutes
MelanocortinsLimited

Semax

A Russian ACTH(4-10)-derived nootropic that acts through neurotrophins, not the adrenal axis.

Synthetic heptapeptide — ACTH(4-7) extended with Pro-Gly-Pro
~813.9 DaMinutes in plasma
NeuropeptidesEstablished

Corticotropin-releasing hormone · CRH

The apex of the HPA stress axis.

Hypothalamic releasing peptide (41 aa)
~4,757.5 Daminutes
NeuropeptidesLimited

Delta sleep-inducing peptide · DSIP

A naturally occurring nonapeptide named for a sleep effect that never fully replicated.

Endogenous nonapeptide (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu)
~848.8 Da7 min
NeuropeptidesEstablished

Oxytocin

Parturition, lactation, and social bonding from a 9-residue peptide.

Cyclic nonapeptide (9 aa)
~1,007.2 Da1–6 min
NeuropeptidesLimited

Selank

A synthetic anxiolytic/nootropic peptide derived from tuftsin.

Synthetic heptapeptide (tuftsin analog)
751.9 DaMinutes in plasma
NeuropeptidesEstablished

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone · TRH

The hypothalamic trigger for the thyroid axis.

Tripeptide (3 aa) — the smallest peptide hormone here
~362.4 Da2–5 min
NeuropeptidesEstablished

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) · ADH

Water retention and vascular tone — osmotic control.

Cyclic nonapeptide (9 aa)
~1,084.2 Da15–30 min
Gut & appetiteEstablished

Cholecystokinin · CCK

Triggers gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzymes, and satiety.

Gut peptide (multiple active lengths, e.g. CCK-8)
1,143.3 Da1–2.5 min
Gut & appetiteEstablished

Motilin

Paces the migrating motor complex between meals.

Gut peptide (22 aa)
~2,698.1 Da4–5 min
Gut & appetiteEstablished

Peptide YY · PYY

A post-meal satiety signal from intestinal L-cells.

PP-fold peptide (36 aa); active PYY3-36 form
4,309.7 Daminutes
Gut & appetiteEstablished

Secretin

Stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate to neutralize gastric acid.

Secretin-family peptide (27 aa)
~3,039.5 Da4 min
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Cetrorelix

A GnRH antagonist — immediate suppression with no flare.

GnRH receptor antagonist (decapeptide)
~1,431 Da5 h
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Follicle-stimulating hormone · FSH

Drives follicular development and spermatogenesis.

Glycoprotein hormone (α/β heterodimer)
35,500 Da3–4 h
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone · GnRH

The pulsatile hypothalamic driver of the reproductive axis.

Decapeptide (10 aa)
~1,182.3 Da2–4 min
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Goserelin

A depot GnRH agonist; same flare-then-suppression mechanism as leuprolide.

GnRH receptor agonist (decapeptide analog)
~1,269.4 Da4–5 h
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Human chorionic gonadotropin · hCG

LH-like hormone that sustains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy.

Glycoprotein hormone (α/β heterodimer)
36,700 Da24–36 h
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Kisspeptin

The upstream gatekeeper that gates GnRH pulse generation.

RF-amide peptide (KISS1 products, e.g. kisspeptin-54/10)
1,302.5 Da4–30 min
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Leuprolide

A GnRH agonist that suppresses the axis through continuous stimulation.

GnRH receptor agonist (nonapeptide analog)
~1,209.4 Da3 h
Reproductive & gonadalEstablished

Luteinizing hormone · LH

Triggers ovulation and gonadal steroidogenesis.

Glycoprotein hormone (α/β heterodimer)
30,000 Da20 min
Adipokines & energy balanceEstablished

Adiponectin

An adipokine that improves insulin sensitivity — and falls as fat rises.

Adipokine (circulates as trimers, hexamers, and HMW multimers)
30,000 DaHours
Adipokines & energy balanceEstablished

Leptin

The adipocyte hormone that reports fat-store size and restrains appetite.

Adipokine (167 aa, four-helix-bundle cytokine fold)
16,026 Da25–30 min
Calcium & boneEstablished

Calcitonin

The calcium-lowering counterpart to PTH.

Peptide hormone (32 aa)
~3,417.9 Da10 min
Calcium & boneEstablished

Parathyroid hormone · PTH

The fast-acting hormone that raises blood calcium.

Peptide hormone (84 aa)
~9,425 Da2–4 min
Calcium & boneEstablished

Parathyroid-hormone-related protein · PTHrP

A PTH-receptor ligand central to development — and to cancer hypercalcemia.

Peptide hormone (multiple isoforms, ~139–173 aa)
17,000 Daminutes in plasma
Cardiovascular & natriureticEstablished

Atrial natriuretic peptide · ANP

Released when the atria stretch; promotes salt and water excretion.

Natriuretic peptide (28 aa, ring-structured)
~3,080.5 Da2–3 min
Cardiovascular & natriureticEstablished

B-type natriuretic peptide · BNP

A ventricular natriuretic peptide — and a routine heart-failure marker.

Natriuretic peptide (32 aa)
~3,464 Da20 min
Cardiovascular & natriureticEstablished

C-type natriuretic peptide · CNP

The vascular and bone-growth member of the natriuretic family.

Natriuretic peptide (22 aa, CNP-22)
~2,197 Da2–3 min
Muscle & TGF-β signalingEstablished

Activin A

A TGF-β-family signal sharing myostatin's receptors, with broader roles.

TGF-β superfamily dimer (βA–βA)
26,000 DaShort; set by follistatin binding
Muscle & TGF-β signalingEstablished

Follistatin

The endogenous antagonist that neutralizes myostatin and activin.

Secreted glycoprotein (multiple isoforms)
35,000 Daminutes
Muscle & TGF-β signalingEstablished

Myostatin · GDF-8

The TGF-β-family brake that limits skeletal muscle mass.

TGF-β superfamily growth/differentiation factor (secreted dimer)
25,000 DaLong
Repair & regenerativePreclinical

BPC-157

A synthetic peptide with broad preclinical repair claims and little human data.

Synthetic pentadecapeptide (15 aa)
~1,419.5 DaPoorly characterized in humans
Repair & regenerativeInvestigational

Cibinetide · ARA-290

An EPO-derived peptide with erythropoietin's tissue protection but none of its blood effects.

Synthetic 11-mer from erythropoietin's helix-B domain
1,257 Da2 min
Repair & regenerativeClinical

Elamipretide · SS-31

A mitochondria-targeting peptide that stabilizes cardiolipin — newly approved.

Synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (Szeto-Schiller)
~639.8 Da4 h
Repair & regenerativeLimited

Epitalon

A synthetic tetrapeptide promoted for longevity; limited independent evidence.

Synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)
~390.4 DaMinutes
Repair & regenerativeLimited

GHK-Cu

An endogenous copper-binding tripeptide studied mainly in skin biology.

Copper-binding tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys, with Cu²⁺)
340.4 DaMinutes in plasma
Repair & regenerativePreclinical

TB-500

A synthetic thymosin β4 fragment marketed for recovery; preclinical evidence.

Synthetic thymosin β4 fragment / analog
Poorly characterized in humans
Repair & regenerativeEstablished

Thymosin β4 · Tβ4

An endogenous actin-sequestering peptide involved in wound healing.

Actin-binding peptide (43 aa)
~4,963.4 DaPoorly characterized in humans
Mitochondrial-derived peptidesPreclinical

Humanin

A cytoprotective mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in stress and ageing.

Mitochondrial-derived peptide (24 aa, encoded in 16S rRNA)
~2,687.1 Daminutes
Mitochondrial-derived peptidesPreclinical

MOTS-c

A mitochondrial-encoded peptide linked to metabolism and exercise biology.

Mitochondrial-derived peptide (16 aa, encoded in 12S rRNA)
~2,174.6 DaPoorly characterized